Port Manipulation

Intro

More information about port manipulation on this site: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/PortManipulation

Port registers allow for lower-level and faster manipulation of the i/o pins of the microcontroller on an Controllino PLC. Each port is controlled by three registers, which are also defined variables in the arduino language:

• DDR register – determines whether the pin is an INPUT or OUTPUT
• PORT register – controls whether the pin is HIGH or LOW
• PIN register – reads the state of INPUT pins set to input with pinMode()

DDR and PORT registers may be both written to, and read. PIN registers correspond to the state of inputs and may only be read.

Output Parallelization

There is the possibility to parallelize some digital outputs to drive loads with the need of more current under the following conditions:

• Outputs are controlled from the same processor port (possibility to set it via one instruction)
• There is no delay between control signls for parallelized outputs ( shall be managed by the SW)

Possible outputs for parallelization

MINI
1st group: D0, D1, D2, D3
2nd group: D4, D5
3rd group: D6, D7

MAXI:
1st group: D0, D1, D3
2nd group: D2
3rd group: D4, D5, D6, D7
4th group: D8, D9, D10, D11

MEGA:
1st group: D0, D1, D3
2nd group: D2
3rd group: D4, D5, D6, D7
4th group: D8, D9, D10, D11
5th group: D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, D18, D19
6th group: D20, D21, D22
7th group: D23

Controllino PORTS

In order to see which Controllino pin corresponds to which PORT on microprocessor open the Controllino PINOUT tables.
Link to PINOUT table is here.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION!
Please, select proper target board in Tools->Board->Controllino MINI/MAXI/MEGA before Upload to your CONTROLLINO.
(Please, refer to https://github.com/CONTROLLINO-PLC/CONTROLLINO_Library if you do not see the CONTROLLINOs in the Arduino IDE menu Tools->Board.)

Hardware Required

• Controllino MINI/MAXI/MEGA
• 12/24V DC Power supply

Circuit

Note*
Pin header is working on 5V TTL levels. Voltage levels over 5.5V can damage the Controllino permanently.

Code

To  check where is the Overload LED connected we open the PINOUT table of the Controllino and find it.

Here we can see that the OVL LED is connected to the 7th bit of the PORT E on ATmega2560. There is no arduino number for this pin so we cannot set it like other arduino i/o pins.
The manipulation of this pin is shown in the next example:

void setup() 
{

 //Define the LED as an OUTPUT
 DDRE = DDRE | B10000000;
 
}

void loop() 
{

 //Set the 7th bit of the PORT E to HIGH without influence on other bits (OR logic)
 PORTE = PORTE | B10000000;
 delay(1000);
 //Set the 7th bit of the PORT E to LOW without influence on other bits (AND logic)
 PORTE = PORTE & B01111111;
 delay(1000);
 
}

To check the state of the Overload LED:

void setup() 
{
 Serial.begin(9600);
 DDRE = DDRE & B01111111; //Set PE7 (OVL pin) as INPUT
 Serial.println("CONTROLLINO Overload read:");
}

void loop() 
{
 Serial.print("Overload signal: ");
 int Overload_signal = PINE >> 7;
 if (Overload_signal == 1) Serial.println("OFF");
 else Serial.println("ON");
 delay(1000);
}